Kejadian 25:3

25:3 Jokshan became the father of Sheba and Dedan. ¹  The descendants of Dedan were the Asshurites, Letushites, and Leummites.

Kejadian 25:1

The Death of Abraham

25:1 Abraham had taken ²  another ³  wife, named Keturah.

1 Raja-raja 10:1-2

Solomon Entertains a Queen

10:1 When the queen of Sheba heard about Solomon, ⁴  she came to challenge ⁵  him with difficult questions. ⁶  10:2 She arrived in Jerusalem ⁷  with a great display of pomp, ⁸  bringing with her camels carrying spices, ⁹  a very large quantity of gold, and precious gems. She visited Solomon and discussed with him everything that was on her mind.

1 Tawarikh 9:1

9:1 Genealogical records were kept for all Israel; they are recorded in the Scroll of the Kings of Israel.

Exiles Who Resettled in Jerusalem

The people of Judah ¹⁰  were carried away to Babylon because of their unfaithfulness.

Ayub 1:15

1:15 and the Sabeans ¹¹  swooped down ¹²  and carried them all away, and they killed ¹³  the servants with the sword! ¹⁴  And I – only I alone ¹⁵  – escaped to tell you!”

Ayub 6:19

6:19 The caravans of Tema ¹⁶  looked intently ¹⁷  for these streams; ¹⁸ 

the traveling merchants ¹⁹  of Sheba hoped for them.

Ayub 16:11

16:11 God abandons me to evil ²⁰  men, ²¹ 

and throws ²²  me into the hands of wicked men.

Mazmur 72:10

72:10 The kings of Tarshish ²³  and the coastlands will offer gifts;

the kings of Sheba ²⁴  and Seba ²⁵  will bring tribute.

Mazmur 72:15

72:15 May he live! ²⁶  May they offer him gold from Sheba! ²⁷ 

May they continually pray for him!

May they pronounce blessings on him all day long! ²⁸ 

Yesaya 60:6

60:6 Camel caravans will cover your roads, ²⁹ 

young camels from Midian and Ephah.

All the merchants of Sheba ³⁰  will come,

bringing gold and incense

and singing praises to the Lord. ³¹ 

Yeremia 6:20

6:20 I take no delight ³²  when they offer up to me ³³ 

frankincense that comes from Sheba

or sweet-smelling cane imported from a faraway land.

I cannot accept the burnt offerings they bring me.

I get no pleasure from the sacrifices they offer to me.’ ³⁴ 

Yehezkiel 27:22

27:22 The merchants of Sheba and Raamah engaged in trade with you; they traded the best kinds of spices along with precious stones and gold for your products.

Yehezkiel 38:13

38:13 Sheba and Dedan and the traders of Tarshish with all its young warriors ³⁵  will say to you, “Have you come to loot? Have you assembled your armies to plunder, to carry away silver and gold, to take away cattle and goods, to haul away a great amount of spoils?”’

Yoel 3:8

3:8 I will sell your sons and daughters to ³⁶  the people of Judah. ³⁷ 

They will sell them to the Sabeans, ³⁸  a nation far away.

Indeed, the Lord has spoken!

[25:3]  ¹ sn The names Sheba and Dedan appear in Gen 10:7 as descendants of Ham through Cush and Raamah. Since these two names are usually interpreted to be place names, one plausible suggestion is that some of Abraham’s descendants lived in those regions and took names linked with it.

[25:1]  ² tn Or “took.”

[25:1]  sn Abraham had taken another wife. These events are not necessarily in chronological order following the events of the preceding chapter. They are listed here to summarize Abraham’s other descendants before the narrative of his death.

[25:1]  ³ tn Heb “And Abraham added and took.”

[10:1]  ⁴ tn Heb “the report about Solomon.” The Hebrew text also has, “to the name of the Lord,” which fits very awkwardly in the sentence. If retained, perhaps it should be translated, “because of the reputation of the Lord.” The phrase, which is omitted in the parallel passage in 2 Chr 9:1, may be an addition based on the queen’s declaration of praise to the Lord in v. 9.

[10:1]  ⁵ tn Or “test.”

[10:1]  ⁶ tn Or “riddles.”

[10:2]  ⁷ map For location see Map5 B1; Map6 F3; Map7 E2; Map8 F2; Map10 B3; JP1 F4; JP2 F4; JP3 F4; JP4 F4.

[10:2]  ⁸ tn Heb “with very great strength.” The Hebrew term חַיִל (khayil, “strength”) may refer here to the size of her retinue (cf. NAB, NASB, NIV, NRSV) or to the great wealth she brought with her.

[10:2]  ⁹ tn Or “balsam oil.”

[9:1]  ¹⁰ tn The Hebrew text has simply “Judah,” though the verb הָגְלוּ (hoglu, “carried away”) is plural.

[1:15]  ¹¹ tn The LXX has “the spoilers spoiled them” instead of “the Sabeans swooped down.” The translators might have connected the word to שְָׁבָה (shavah, “to take captive”) rather than שְׁבָא (shÿva’, “Sabeans”), or they may have understood the name as general reference to all types of Bedouin invaders from southern Arabia (HALOT 1381 s.v. שְׁבָא 2.c).

[1:15]  sn The name “Sheba” is used to represent its inhabitants, or some of them. The verb is feminine because the name is a place name. The Sabeans were a tribe from the Arabian peninsula. They were traders mostly (6:19). The raid came from the south, suggesting that this band of Sabeans were near Edom. The time of the attack seems to be winter since the oxen were plowing.

[1:15]  ¹² tn The Hebrew is simply “fell” (from נָפַל, nafal). To “fall upon” something in war means to attack quickly and suddenly.

[1:15]  ¹³ sn Job’s servants were probably armed and gave resistance, which would be the normal case in that time. This was probably why they were “killed with the sword.”

[1:15]  ¹⁴ tn Heb “the edge/mouth of the sword”; see T. J. Meek, “Archaeology and a Point of Hebrew Syntax,” BASOR 122 (1951): 31-33.

[1:15]  ¹⁵ tn The pleonasms in the verse emphasize the emotional excitement of the messenger.

[6:19]  ¹⁶ sn Tema is the area of the oasis SE of the head of the Gulf of Aqaba; Sheba is in South Arabia. In Job 1:15 the Sabeans were raiders; here they are traveling merchants.

[6:19]  ¹⁷ tn The verb נָבַט (navat) means “to gaze intently”; the looking is more intentional, more of a close scrutiny. It forms a fine parallel to the idea of “hope” in the second part. The NIV translates the second verb קִוּוּ (qivvu) as “look in hope.” In the previous verbs the imperfect form was used, expressing what generally happens (so the English present tense was used). Here the verb usage changes to the perfect form. It seems that Job is narrating a typical incident now – they looked, but were disappointed.

[6:19]  ¹⁸ tn The words “for these streams” are supplied from context to complete the thought and make the connection with the preceding context.

[6:19]  ¹⁹ tn In Ps 68:24 this word has the meaning of “processions”; here that procession is of traveling merchants forming convoys or caravans.

[16:11]  ²⁰ tn The word עֲוִיל (’avil) means “child,” and this cannot be right here. If it is read as עַוָּל (’avval) as in Job 27:7 it would be the unrighteous.

[16:11]  ²¹ sn Job does not refer here to his friends, but more likely to the wicked men who set about to destroy him and his possessions, or to the rabble in ch. 30.

[16:11]  ²² tn The word יִרְטֵנִי (yirteni) does not derive from the root רָטָה (ratah) as would fit the pointing in the MT, but from יָרַט (yarat), cognate to Arabic warrata, “to throw; to hurl.” E. Dhorme (Job, 236) thinks that since the normal form would have been יִירְטֵנִי (yirÿteni), it is probable that one of the yods (י) would have affected the word עֲוִיל (’avil) – but that does not make much sense.

[72:10]  ²³ sn Tarshish was a distant western port, the precise location of which is uncertain.

[72:10]  ²⁴ sn Sheba was located in Arabia.

[72:10]  ²⁵ sn Seba was located in Africa.

[72:15]  ²⁶ tn The prefixed verbal form is jussive, not imperfect. Because the form has the prefixed vav (ו), some subordinate it to what precedes as a purpose/result clause. In this case the representative poor individual might be the subject of this and the following verb, “so that he may live and give to him gold of Sheba.” But the idea of the poor offering gold is incongruous. It is better to take the jussive as a prayer with the king as subject of the verb. (Perhaps the initial vav is dittographic; note the vav at the end of the last form in v. 14.) The statement is probably an abbreviated version of the formula יְחִי הַמֶּלֶךְ (yÿkhiy hammelekh, “may the king live”; see 1 Sam 10:24; 2 Sam 16:16; 1 Kgs 1:25, 34, 39; 2 Kgs 11:12).

[72:15]  ²⁷ tn Heb “and he will give to him some gold of Sheba.” The prefixed verbal form is understood as a jussive with a grammatically indefinite subject (“and may one give”). Of course, the king’s subjects, mentioned in the preceding context, are the tribute bearers in view here.

[72:15]  ²⁸ tn As in the preceding line, the prefixed verbal forms are understood as jussives with a grammatically indefinite subject (“and may one pray…and may one bless”). Of course, the king’s subjects, mentioned in the preceding context, are in view here.

[60:6]  ²⁹ tn Heb “an abundance of camels will cover you.”

[60:6]  ³⁰ tn Heb “all of them, from Sheba.”

[60:6]  ³¹ tn Heb “and they will announce the praises of the Lord.”

[6:20]  ³² tn Heb “To what purpose is it to me?” The question is rhetorical and expects a negative answer.

[6:20]  ³³ tn The words “when they offer up to me” are not in the text but are implicit from the following context. They are supplied in the translation for clarity.

[6:20]  ³⁴ tn Heb “Your burnt offerings are not acceptable and your sacrifices are not pleasing to me.” “The shift from “your” to “their” is an example of the figure of speech (apostrophe) where the speaker turns from talking about someone to addressing him/her directly. Though common in Hebrew style, it is not common in English. The shift to the third person in the translation is an accommodation to English style.

[38:13]  ³⁵ tn Heb “young lions.”

[3:8]  ³⁶ tn Heb “into the hand of.”

[3:8]  ³⁷ tn Heb “the sons of Judah.”

[3:8]  ³⁸ sn The Sabeans were Arabian merchants who were influential along the ancient caravan routes that traveled through Arabia. See also Job 1:15; Isa 43:3; 45:14; Ps 72:10.